Speech on December 14, 1825, uprising of the Chernigov regiment. Nikita Ants. What predetermined the uprising

The uprising of the Chernigov regiment is one of two uprisings of the Decembrist conspiracy, which occurred after the Decembrists spoke on Senate Square in St. Petersburg on December 14 (26), 1825. Occurred on December 29, 1825 - January 3, 1826 (January 10-15, 1826). in the Chernigov regiment, stationed in the Kyiv province.

The rebellion was organized by the Southern Society. After the news of the uprising in St. Petersburg, the regiment commander ordered the arrest of Lieutenant Colonel S.I. Muravyov-Apostol, associated with the conspirators. On December 29, regiment officers Kuzmin, Solovyov, Sukhinov and Shchepilla liberated Muravyov-Apostol in the village of Trilesy, while attacking Colonel Gustav Gebel and attempting to kill their regimental commander. When Gebel refused not only to release the Muravyov brothers, but also to give an explanation for their arrest, the participants in the conspiracy began to bayonet him, and Lieutenant Colonel Muravyov himself inflicted a wound on the colonel in the stomach. The regiment's soldiers did not take part in the massacre of the colonel, but remained only spectators. Colonel Gebel, with the help of Private 5th Company Maxim Ivanov, managed to escape from the Decembrists.

The next day, December 30, they entered the city of Vasilkov, where they seized all the weapons and the regimental treasury. The regimental treasury amounted to about 10 thousand rubles. banknotes and 17 rubles. silver

On December 31, the Decembrists occupied Motovilovka. where, before the formation, the “Orthodox Catechism” was read out - a proclamation of the rebels, compiled by Muravyov-Apostol and M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. In Motovilovka there were frequent cases of robberies of residents by rank and file of the Decembrist army. The drunkenness of the rank and file is increasing.
On the evening of January 1, the rebel companies set out from Motovilovka.

From Vasilkov, the rebels moved to Zhitomir, trying to unite with the units where members of the Society of United Slavs served, but, avoiding a collision with superior forces of government troops, they turned to Bila Tserkva. The desertion of the rank and file is increasing.

At Ustimovka on January 3, 1826 they were defeated by government troops. The head of the rebellion, Lieutenant Colonel Sergei Muravyov-Apostol, gives the order to his troops not to shoot, but to go straight to the guns. Which with grapeshot cause significant damage to the ranks of the rebels and scatter their column.

Sergei Muravyov-Apostol was seriously wounded in this battle, and his brother Ippolit shot himself, Kuzmin and Shchepilla died in the battle, 895 soldiers and 6 officers were captured.
Behavior of the leaders of the uprising.

The leaders of the uprising did not have clear goals, as evidenced by their strange route of movement, reminiscent of a figure eight. New goals and, accordingly, directions of movement began and were immediately abandoned. The only hope for success was the spread of the mutiny among army units according to the principle of a chain reaction. And this hope was not justified.

The bulk of the soldiers were drawn into the uprising unconsciously, without a full understanding of what they were doing, without understanding the goals of the uprising. To achieve this, the Decembrists used any means from a simple order from a senior in rank to the distribution of money to those who joined the rebellion and deliberate lies. Persuading soldiers and hesitant officers to join the rebellion, Sergei Muravyov-Apostol assured them that he himself had received an official appointment as a regimental commander instead of Gebel, who was wounded by him, and that the entire senior leadership had been physically destroyed.

The starting point for justifying the rebellion was the assertion that, having sworn allegiance to Konstantin Pavlovich, the army must do everything possible to preserve him on the throne. He represented his younger brother, Ippolit, ensign of the quartermaster unit, as a courier for Tsarevich Konstantin, who brought the order for Muravyov to arrive with the regiment in Warsaw. The Decembrists convinced the soldiers that the entire 8th division had rebelled in support of the accession of Konstantin Pavlovich. The pinnacle of this propaganda was the statement of Colonel Sergei Muravyov-Apostol, who, a few hours before the defeat of the uprising, having learned about the approach of government troops, convinced his subordinates that these troops were sent not to suppress the rebellion, but to join with them.

Star of Masonic Happiness

On December 14 (26), 1825, a Masonic revolt took place on Senate Square in St. Petersburg, known in Russian history as the Decembrist uprising.

In the public consciousness, the names of these people are shrouded in a romantic aura of “knights without fear and reproach”, however, “terribly far from the people”, “who awakened Herzen”, etc. According to the above scheme, books were written about them and films were made. (In this regard, it is enough to name the “fairy tale” “The Star of Captivating Happiness”, which is very far from the historical truth). The fact that all the leaders and main participants in the failed Decembrist conspiracy were Freemasons was simply kept silent. Otherwise, the true reasons for the events on Senate Square in December 1825 would have become clear.

Freemasonry is an international network of official and secret organizations that exist under different names. While officially proclaiming the approval of all kinds of “universal human values,” in reality they are secretly waging a fight against Christianity and preparing the conditions for the unification of all states and nations into a single empire, that is, the coming and reign on earth of the false messiah - the Antichrist. Usually, ordinary members of Masonic organizations are not even aware of the true goals of this most powerful and most influential totalitarian sect on the planet.

In the Middle Ages, a secret movement swept all of Europe, and by the 17th – 18th centuries its members were called “masons”, or “free masons” - the builders of a new world order. It was the Freemasons who were the secret cause of palace intrigues, the overthrow of Christian monarchical dynasties in Scotland, England, Holland, Sweden, France, Russia (February - March 1917 - all members of the so-called Provisional Government were Freemasons). And as soon as the monarchy collapsed, civil wars began in the states. Thus, the deceived peoples paid for progress and universal brotherhood, spiritual perfection and other “universal human values”, which served and serve only as a screen hiding the true goals of Freemasonry - the destruction of the traditional way of life of states, the corruption of peoples and the destruction of Christianity. Unfortunately, without knowing the whole background of the Masonic movement, many smart, ambitious people who sincerely want to change their lives for the better end up in its organization.

Such were the majority of participants in the Decembrist rebellion. Perhaps it was not so much their fault as their misfortune that from early childhood they were raised in a corrupt aristocratic environment, having practically lost faith in God. This is how one of the most prominent representatives of the Decembrists, prince, general and freemason Sergei Volkonsky, described his social circle in his memoirs: for him, this circle was characterized by “a general tendency to drunkenness, to riotous living, to youth”, “cartage and shameless b... in".

Yes, most of the Decembrists were patriots of their country, but patriots... deftly controlled by representatives of the Masonic lodges of England, France, and Austria. They naively believed that by overthrowing the tsar (some proposed completely destroying the royal dynasty (Pestel), others - sharply limiting the power of the monarch) and proclaiming freedom, Russia would live happily and satisfyingly. Alas, this was the opinion of many of those who prepared and implemented the Masonic revolutions in Western Europe, and then watched with horror what consequences - rivers of people's blood - they led to (unless, of course, they were a conscientious person or did not die in the millstones themselves post-revolutionary terror). In addition, each (!) Masonic revolution was accompanied not only by massive bloodshed, but also by monstrous sacrilege, the murder of Christian priests, desecration of monarchies, and desecration of the temples of God.

A unique illustration of what the victory of the Decembrists could have led to was the so-called (in history textbooks) uprising of the Chernigov regiment - the Decembrist rebellion in Ukraine. Having headed it, Mason Lieutenant Colonel Sergei Muravyov-Apostol, according to the testimony of Lieutenant Pegin, “gave the soldiers vodka and told them: “Serve for God and faith for freedom.” In a matter of hours, the brave regiment turned into a band of robbers, since the soldiers understood the word “freedom” as permission to plunder the surrounding villages with impunity. After all the vodka was drunk in the taverns, the “army” completely lost its human appearance. In the village of Motovilovka, the “rebels” attacked one of the huts, but found only a dead old man who had ended his life after being over a hundred years old. The deceased, according to custom, lay on a bench, dressed in a white shirt and covered with a new towel. The soldiers, distraught from the amount of drink they had drunk, mocked the old man’s body, took all his clothes and, “grabbing the dead body, dragged him to dance.”

Not only wealthy Jews - tenants of drinking establishments - were subjected to robbery, but also the rest of the local population. And not only robbery, but also physical abuse. And the leader of the “uprising” was forced to come to terms with this. On January 3, 1826, the Chernigovites were defeated by units loyal to the sovereign. From the investigation materials it is known that “Sergei Muravyov-Apostol, wounded in the head by buckshot, grabbed the thrown banner, but, noticing the approach of a hussar non-commissioned officer, he rushed to his horse, which was held by the bridle of an infantryman. The latter, plunging his bayonet into the horse’s belly, said: “You made porridge for us, eat with us.” Seeing the defeat of the regiment and the serious injury of his brother, 19-year-old Ippolit Muravyov-Apostol shot himself. But most importantly, the victims of this “uprising” were ordinary soldiers, who were later driven to Siberia for eternal hard labor, not to mention the affected residents of Vasilyevka and surrounding villages.

“Our very success would be detrimental for us and for Russia,” the Decembrist Bestuzhev-Ryumin belatedly admits. He and four other participants in the rebellion were sentenced to hanging - Sergei Muravyov-Apostol, Ryleev, Kakhovsky and Pestel. The last of them, already on the scaffold, turned to the Orthodox priest: “Holy Father! I do not belong to your church (Pestel was a Lutheran - author's note), but I was once a Christian and most desire to be one now. I fell into error, but who is not? From the bottom of my heart I ask you: forgive me for my sins and bless me on my long and terrible journey!” The burial place of the executed conspirators was declared a state secret and remains unknown to this day. This was the price for the star of Masonic happiness.

You can't rewrite history. But the history of this Decembrist rebellion should not evoke enthusiastic “ahs” from the Russian people, but a feeling of deep disgust because, losing faith and being tempted by ideas alien and contrary to God, smart and conscientious people often find themselves pawns in someone else’s insidious game.

V. NIKOLAEV.

Members of the Southern and Northern societies, along with constitutional and program projects, also developed a specific plan of action. They intended to carry out a coup d'etat during military exercises in the summer of 1826. They were to be supported by the Polish Patriotic Society and the Society of United Slavs, united with the Southern Society.

In November 1825, Alexander 1 unexpectedly died in Taganrog while traveling around Russia. He had no children. According to seniority, his brother Constantine was to become the new king. But back in the early 20s, he abdicated the throne in connection with his marriage to the Polish princess Lowicz. Since his abdication remained unpublicized, the Senate and army swore allegiance to Constantine, but he abdicated the throne. A re-oath was assigned to Alexander's other brother, Nicholas. A peculiar situation has developed in the country - an interregnum. The leaders of Northern society decided to take advantage of this to carry out a coup d'etat. In a difficult political situation, they demonstrated true revolutionary spirit, a willingness to sacrifice everything to implement the plan for the state structure of Russia.

December 13, 1825 at the apartment of K.F. Ryleev, the last meeting of members of the Northern Society took place. They decided to withdraw the troops of the St. Petersburg garrison to Senate Square and force them not to swear allegiance to Nicholas, but to accept the “Manifesto to the Russian People” (see Appendix 4), drawn up at the meeting. “Manifesto” is the most important final program document of the Decembrists. It proclaimed the destruction of autocracy, serfdom, estates, conscription and military settlements, and the introduction of broad democratic freedoms.

In the early morning of December 14, 1825, members of the Northern Society began agitation among the troops. By 11 o'clock, brothers Alexander and Mikhail Bestuzhev and D.A. Shchepin-Rostovsky was led to Senate Square by the Life Guards Moscow Regiment. At one o'clock in the afternoon the rebels were joined by sailors of the Guards naval crew led by Nikolai Bestuzhev and the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment. In total, about 3 thousand soldiers and sailors with 30 officers lined up in battle formation on Senate Square. However, by this time it turned out that early in the morning the Senate had already sworn allegiance to Nicholas, after which the senators dispersed. There was no one to present the Manifesto to. Trubetskoy, having learned about this, did not join the rebels. The uprising was left without leadership for a while. These circumstances gave rise to hesitation in the ranks of the Decembrists and doomed them to the senseless tactics of waiting.

Meanwhile, Nikolai collected units loyal to him in the square. Governor General of St. Petersburg M.A. Miloradovich tried to persuade the rebels to disperse, but was mortally wounded by the Decembrist P.G. Kakhovsky. Rumors of the uprising spread throughout the city, and up to 30 thousand people gathered on Senate Square, ready to support the rebels. But the Decembrists did not take advantage of this. Two mounted attacks by government troops were repulsed by the rebels. Fearing that with the onset of darkness it would be more difficult to end the uprising, Nicholas gave the order to open artillery fire. Several volleys of grapeshot caused great devastation in the ranks of the rebels. The civilian population surrounding them also suffered. Soldiers and officers who tried to escape from the square were arrested. The uprising in St. Petersburg was crushed. Arrests of members of the society and their sympathizers began.

After 2 weeks, on December 29, 1825, S.I. Muravyov-Apostol led the uprising of the Chernigov regiment. By this time P.I. Pestel and a number of other leaders of the Southern Society were arrested. The defeat of the uprising in St. Petersburg was also known. But members of the Southern Society hoped to raise the troops stationed in the south to revolt, and thereby show the government that the northerners were not alone and that the whole country supported them. But their hopes were not justified. Although the peasants supported the rebels who passed through their villages, the government managed to isolate the Chernigov regiment and a week later, on January 3, 1826, it was shot with grapeshot.

At the end of December 1825 - beginning of February 1826, two more attempts were made to raise an uprising in the troops by members of the Society of Military Friends, associated with the Northern Society, and members of the Society of United Slavs. But these attempts also failed.

579 people were involved in the investigation and trial, of which 80% were military.

The process took place in strict secrecy and in a short time. The work of the Investigative Commission was directed by the Emperor himself. Of all those under investigation, Pestel, Muravyov-Apostol, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Kakhovsky and Ryleev were placed “outside the ranks” and sentenced to quartering. However, the fear of being branded a “savage” in “enlightened” Europe led Nicholas to replace this medieval execution with hanging. On July 13, 1826, five Decembrists were executed in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Over a hundred Decembrists were exiled to hard labor and eternal settlement in Siberia. Many officers were demoted to soldiers and sent to the Caucasus, where there was a war with the mountaineers. The entire Chernigov regiment was sent there.

In Petersburg. It went down in history as the Decembrist uprising. But the uprising of the Chernigov regiment, which occurred immediately after it and was its continuation, received much less coverage. The officers - the organizers and main participants of this event - were members of the Southern Society, one of two secret organizations created at the beginning of the 19th century by opposition-minded nobles.

rises up after the North

The uprising of the Chernigov regiment was planned long ago, but it began quite spontaneously. The command received news of the events that took place in the capital and the involvement of their officer, Lieutenant Colonel S.I. Muravyov-Apostol, in them. In connection with this, he was placed under arrest in the village of Trilesy. Having learned about this, on December 29 (old style), four officers, also members of a secret organization, released him by force, while attacking the regiment commander, Colonel Gustav Gebel.

From subsequent materials of the case it becomes known that S.I. Muravyov-Apostol inflicted a serious wound on the colonel in the stomach. Other participants in the battle also attacked the regiment commander, inflicting multiple wounds on him with soldier bayonets. Only by miracle did the regimental commander manage to escape. At the same time, an interesting detail is the fact that the soldiers and lower ranks who were present remained absolutely passive observers, not providing assistance to either side. The only exception was the only soldier, Maxim Ivanov, who remained faithful to the oath and saved the life of the ill-fated colonel.

The first performance of the rebels

After what happened, the uprising of the Chernigov regiment had to begin immediately, since the conspirators had already gone beyond the law and were subject to a military court and inevitable punishment. In this regard, the next day, December 30, the rebel officers withdrew the regiment from the barracks and sent it to the city of Vasilkov. There were numerous armories and ammunition storage facilities here. But what else made up the spoils of the rebels was the regimental treasury. The protocols drawn up during the investigation indicate that ten thousand rubles in banknotes and seventeen thousand in silver fell into their hands. At that time this was a huge amount.

The investigative materials reflected in all details the uprising of the Chernigov regiment of 1825. So, the very next day the Decembrists occupied the village of Motovilovka. Here the leaders of the uprising, having formed a regiment, read out a proclamation in front of the formation, bearing the name “Orthodox Catechism.” Its authors, Muravyov-Apostol and Bestuzhev-Ryumin, when creating the document, relied on the fact that the intelligence of those to whom it was addressed would be sufficient to perceive it and correctly understand it. However, the mass of soldiers remained indifferent to what they heard, and this action had no effect.

Decomposition of the regiment's personnel

What happened was exactly the opposite of what the people's liberators expected. Instead of being ignited in a single revolutionary impulse, the soldiers and lower ranks indulged in rampant drunkenness and began to rob the local population. The testimony of witnesses to these atrocities was preserved in the investigative protocols. It is possible that this was one of the reasons why the uprising of the Chernigov regiment was not widely covered during the Soviet period.

We further know that on January 1, having left Vasilkov, the regiment headed towards Zhitomir, where, according to the plans of the leaders of the uprising, they could receive reinforcements from military units in which, as they knew, members of another secret organization - the Society of United Slavs - served. However, the threat of a meeting with government troops forced them to turn towards the White Church.

The defeat of the regiment by government troops

It should be noted that until now the Decembrists had not encountered resistance anywhere and moved forward completely unhindered. However, during these days their ranks were significantly thinned as a result of mass desertion. Many people understood the adventurousness of what was happening and did not want to sacrifice freedom, and perhaps even life, for the recklessness of others.

In the first battle with government troops near the village of Ustimovka, the rebels were defeated. This ended the uprising of the Chernigov regiment. The date of its defeat is only five days behind the start date. Do we now have the right to evaluate these five days of recklessness? They say that victors are not judged, but the rebels did not become victors, and they were judged.

and a history lesson

The sentences were harsh, since all the defendants took up arms against the legitimate government. Yes, their intentions were high and noble. Yes, for the sake of an ideal you can risk your life, but your own, and not the lives of hundreds of ordinary soldiers who do not even understand where and why they are being taken to die. As you know, the road to hell is paved with good intentions, and especially in those cases when they are not supported by anything other than fantasies. The Chernigov regiment became a sad page in our history. His uprising can serve as an object lesson for future generations.

Uprising map

Uprising of the Chernigov Regiment- one of two uprisings of the Decembrist conspiracy, which occurred after the Decembrists spoke on Senate Square in St. Petersburg on December 14 (26), 1825. Occurred on December 29, 1825 - January 3, 1826 (January 10-15, 1826) in the Chernigov regiment , stationed in the Kyiv province.

From Vasilkov, the rebels moved to Zhitomir, seeking to unite with units where members of the Society of United Slavs served, but, avoiding a collision with superior forces of government troops, they turned to Bila Tserkva. The desertion of the rank and file is increasing.

After the uprising, the regiment was reorganized. Subsequently, a participant in the uprising, Ivan Sukhinov, led a conspiracy at the Zerentui penal servitude (Zerentuisky conspiracy).

Pushkin planned a story about the uprising, wrote a short prologue about an ensign traveling “to the town of V.” (Vasilkov) in May 1825 (the text is known as “Notes of a Young Man”).

Literature

Andreeva L. Uprising of the Chernigov regiment. (Decembrists in Ukraine). - “Flame”, Kharkov, 1925,
N. M. Druzhinin Uprising of the Chernigov Regiment//Essays on the history of the Decembrist movement. Publishing house of political literature, 1954.
Oksana Ivanovna Kiyanskaya Southern revolt. Uprising of the Chernigov Infantry Regiment December 29, 1825-January 3, 1826. Publishing house of the Russian State University for the Humanities, 1997 ISBN 978-5-7281-0004-1
The uprising of the Chernigov regiment in the testimony of participants. - Red Archive magazine. 1925.

Notes

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Uprising of the Chernigov Regiment- Members of the Southern Society became aware of the unsuccessful uprising in St. Petersburg on January 6, 1826. At this time, arrests in the south continued, threatening the complete defeat of this organization. Pestel’s closest associates, the leaders of the Vasilkovskaya council... ... The World History. Encyclopedia

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For a long time, official Soviet historiography maintained a view of the Decembrists as the first noble revolutionaries who consciously decided to change the political system of Russia by armed means. And only today, with a careful and impartial reading of archival materials, it becomes clear that the collective image of “knights without fear and reproach” needs serious adjustment. The mutiny of the year on Senate Square in St. Petersburg was, of course, the culmination of the conspiracy. The performance of the Chernigov regiment remained in its shadow.

Uprising of the Chernigov Regiment: causes and consequences

The Chernigov regiment was stationed in the Kyiv province. She herself was in the field of attention of the Southern Society of Decembrists. The news of the defeat of the rebellion on December 14 reached the southerners towards the end of the year. Lieutenant Colonel S.I. Muravyov-Apostol was one of the most authoritative leaders of Southern society - especially after the arrest of the leader of the southerners, P.I. Pestel. The regiment commander G. Gebel ordered the arrest of Muravyov as a figure directly connected with the capital's conspirators. However, in the village of Trilesy, where the arrested man was temporarily placed, several officers made a successful attempt to free their beloved commander.

The very next day, the companies led by Muravyov entered the city of Vasilkov, seizing weapons and the regimental treasury. Another day later, the soldiers are told the so-called "Orthodox Catechism". Muravyov composed this revolutionary proclamation together with his ally, M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. The further trajectory of the regiment's movement is first to Zhitomir, then towards Bila Tserkva. We had to maneuver, trying to avoid a direct military clash with government forces that were many times superior.

However, already on January 3, 1826, in the battle near Ustimovka, the regiment was completely defeated by units loyal to the oath and the new emperor. Muravyov-Apostol was seriously wounded and was captured along with other officers. His brother Hippolyte, to avoid shame, shot himself. Further investigation showed that Muravyov and other leaders of the uprising did not have a clear plan of action. They won over the soldiers to their side by direct deception, but they failed to stop drunkenness, looting and desertion in their ranks. At the climax of the battle, the soldiers did not provide assistance to the wounded commander - on the contrary, they killed his horse with a bayonet so that he could not escape.

As a result of the investigation, Muravyov-Apostol and Bestuzhev-Ryumin, as well as Pestel, who had been arrested earlier, were sentenced to hang along with the two most active leaders of the Northern society - Ryleev and Kakhovsky. The execution took place at the end of July 1826. The Chernigov regiment was disbanded, most of the soldiers were subjected to corporal punishment, and then transferred to the Caucasus, where the war with the highlanders continued at that time.