What is the best onion variety. Growing onions in the open field

Arzamas local - a very spicy mid-season onion variety. The growing season is about 3 months. The shape of the bulbs is round or slightly elongated, the scales are juicy, dense. The mass of a ripe bulb can reach 70 g. It has good keeping quality.

Bessonovsky local - a sharp early maturing variety. Bulbs are white, medium-sized, slightly flattened, yellowish scales, dense. One "nest" usually contains 4 onions, each of which weighs no more than 40 g. Onions are not resistant to infectious diseases. Designed for long-term storage.

Odinovets - a spicy variety, unpretentious to growing conditions. The growing season is about 3.5 months. The bulbs are slightly flattened, with a golden-white shell and very juicy white scales.

Rostov onion local - a sharp, early ripening variety of onions. The bulbs are almost spherical, yellowish, can be stored for a long time.

Strigunovsky local - early maturing, very spicy variety. The bulbs are slightly elongated from top to bottom, the scales are juicy. In one "nest" usually 2 to 3 bulbs weighing about 75 g each develop. This type of onion is not resistant to common infectious and fungal diseases, but it can be stored for a long time without losing its valuable taste.

Timiryazevsky - a sharp early ripening variety of onions with a growing season of 2.5 to 3 months. The bulbs are large, almost spherical, with dense juicy scales. Most often it is grown for subsequent long-term storage.

Semi-sharp varieties of onions, unlike spicy ones, are used not only for pickling vegetables and making hot sauces, but also for salads, fresh savory snacks. Most popular in middle lane Russia is used by the varieties Kaba, Karatalsky, Krasnodarsky G-35.

Remember useful tips about planting onion sets ... Only the necessary knowledge about how to plant onions.

Kaba - late ripening variety, not very spicy, with a characteristic yellow color of the bulbs. The growing season is about 4 months. The bulbs are slightly flattened, dense, massive. Plants are easily susceptible to infection with downy mildew and onion fly damage. For winter storage this variety is unsuitable.

Karatalsky - a common semi-sharp variety. The bulbs are round or almost flat, with dense juicy scales, weighing about 100 g. Adult plants often develop cervical rot or downy mildew. Ripe onions can be stored for 3-4 months in a well-ventilated cool area.

Krasnodar G-35 - a mid-season semi-sharp variety of onions. The growing season is 3 to 4 months. The upper scales of the bulb are white, round or oval in shape, the mass reaches 110 g. The inner juicy scales are yellowish or pinkish. Not used for storage.

Weak onion varieties

Weak varieties are also called salad. In the juice of such onions there is almost no natural pungent bitterness, so the plants can be used in fresh for making snacks, salads, summer sandwiches and canapes. The most popular varieties from this group are Danilovsky 301 and Orange.

Danilovsky 301 - mid-season, practically not spicy variety. The bulbs are round, slightly flattened. The husk is a juicy purple hue. This type of onion is not resistant to downy mildew. Not used for long-term storage.

Orange - sweet salad variety. The bulbs are round, very dense, weighing up to 110 g. Husks are orange or bright yellow. Ripe onions keep well in the cold.

Choosing soil for planting onions

For the cultivation of all of the listed onion varieties, a soil with a light mechanical structure and a high content of humic compounds is suitable. It is advisable to use potatoes and early-maturing cucumbers as precursor plants.

On heavy soils, the vegetable does not grow well. As a top dressing in the fall, rotted manure or compost, as well as high-moor peat, are introduced into future ridges. You can also add complex mineral fertilizers to the ground, observing the proportions indicated on the package. Having evenly distributed the nutrient mixtures over the site, the substrate should be dug up and disassembled again. After planting onions organic compounds do not apply, otherwise the yield of the vegetable crop will significantly decrease - the bulbs will turn out to be small due to the increase in the mass of the green feather.

Usually, for planting in open ground, a so-called onion set with a bulb diameter of about 2 cm is chosen. Planting material of a more impressive size will produce many green arrows. Before planting in the ridges, the seedlings must be warmed up at a temperature of about 35 ° C for 1-2 weeks.

Seeding preparation before planting

A few days before planting, the bulbs should be germinated by placing them under a layer of clean burlap and periodically pouring them with heated water. For planting plants, shallow grooves are prepared, the distance between which should be at least 20 cm.

If the onion is grown from seeds, sowing is done in late August - early September, the bulbs are immersed in the soil in April-May. Early ripening varieties give their first bountiful harvest by the end of June.

Fertilization before planting In order for the onion to grow and develop well, 2 weeks after planting, mineral fertilizing is introduced into the substrate, while thinning the seedlings that are too thickened. Fertilizers should not contain nitrates, since nitrogen compounds can accumulate in the juicy scales of the bulbs. Watering should be frequent, at least once a week, but not too abundant.

Harvesting begins after the leaves droop. Ripe bulbs are carefully removed from the previously loosened soil and, without cutting off the drying tops, are laid out on the beds to dry. When the leaves are noticeably dry, and the neck is thinner, the onions can be stored for storage by cutting off the tops and roots. The vegetable is best preserved in nets or braids if the room is well ventilated.

The onion harvesting season has begun. The next task of an amateur vegetable grower is to properly prepare the harvested crop and create favorable conditions for its long-term storage. It is important to take into account that the keeping quality of the bulbs depends on many factors, and not only on maintaining the optimal level of temperature and humidity in the cellar.

What kind of onion is best kept? To answer this question, you must first consider the characteristics of each specific variety.

The best varieties of onions for storage

Onion varieties are usually subdivided into spicy, semi-sharp and sweet.

Spicy onions form a bulb with thick upper scales. Its inner part consists of a large number juicy and loose (up to one millimeter) scales. The bulbs have a distinct pungent taste and are excellent for both raw and home canning. And thanks to the long dormant period, they remain almost without loss for 6 to 8 months. The most mature varieties include Zolotisty, Skvirsky, Strigunovsky Nosovsky. Of course, they are less productive than local zoned varieties, but they are stored just fine.

In plants of semi-sharp varieties, the bulb is looser and has a smaller number of outer scales. They also have few juicy scales, moreover, they are denser (from two to three millimeters) and delicate in taste. These bulbs are good raw and are of little use for winter harvesting. They do not stay at rest as long as the bulbs of spicy varieties and begin to deteriorate at the beginning of spring. Of the popular peninsular varieties, one can single out such as Lugansky, Karatalsky and Donetsky golden.

Sweet onions usually yield very good yields, but their bulbs are poorly protected by outer scales and consist of a small amount of watery scales more than three millimeters thick. Despite the indisputable advantages of such varieties (large size and pleasant taste of the bulbs), they do not last long and begin to germinate soon after harvesting from the garden. Of sweet onions, I can recommend the local Yalta onion, it is very unpretentious and very fruitful.

What else affects the keeping quality of onions

Onion storage quality is also seriously affected by planting dates. In each area, you need to plant sevok, taking into account both weather conditions and the growing season of a particular variety. That is, by the time of harvesting, the onion must have time to mature properly.

Onions prefer rich, loose soil. However, excessive nitrogen fertilization in the summer slows down its ripening, makes the bulbs less dense and reduces the strength of the upper scales. This, in turn, adversely affects the consumer qualities and keeping quality of the bulbs.

It is also known to be worse stored than. This is because the sevok can be infected with pathogens that can be transmitted to the resulting bulb.

The duration of storage is also largely influenced by the period of harvesting from the garden. It is advisable to carry out this work during the mass lodging of feathers (70-75%), since the long stay of the bulbs in the ground greatly impairs their keeping quality.

Before harvesting, the bulbs must be dried, calibrated and sorted into varieties. Then the onions are placed in cardboard or wooden boxes in loose layers and transferred to a dark room with a temperature from 0 to +2 and an air humidity of 80-90%. You can get acquainted with other ways of storing onions in

Onions have been known in culinary culture for over five thousand years. During this time, he managed to win the fame of the most useful vegetable. The phytoncides contained in onions contribute to the bactericidal effect, which allows the plant to be used in folk medicine as a reliable remedy against ARVI and other inflammatory diseases.

Consider a list of onion varieties, noting their benefits and features.

Sweet

Sweet onions have a great taste, perfect for salads. They are high-yielding, and therefore popular in the southern regions, which are optimal for the growth of these varieties.

The disadvantage of sweet varieties is that in the temperate northern latitudes it is susceptible to disease and practically does not yield any harvest.

Spanish 313

This late-ripening onion is widely used in salads, consumed fresh due to its rich taste, devoid of bitterness. The bulbs are large, weighing up to 150 grams. Their shape is round, the color is light yellow, the outer scales are non-massive, single-layered. The yield of this variety is considered high.

F1 Comet

The variety is mid-season, but the harvest takes place before the autumn rains. This onion is hardy and unpretentious to growing conditions. The bulbs are widely used for salads, juicy, dense and crispy in structure. The variety is good for storage up to six months, disease resistant. The variety is characterized by a very high yield.

F1 Malepo

A first generation hybrid with a sweet taste, thanks to which it is used fresh. This variety is large-fruited and high-yielding, which does not require too much care. Prefers southern latitudes, warm dry climate.

Globo

Late-ripening lettuce onions that ripen 5 months after germination. In this regard, Globo is often sown for seedlings. The bulbs grow very large, reaching a weight of 700 grams. The shape is flat-round, the outer scales are dry and smooth, single-layered, light yellow. This variety is not stored for long, but it has a high yield.

Red Baron

Onions are Dutch varieties. It is a mid-season lettuce red onion, requiring about three months after germination to lodge the leaves. The bulbs are red, juicy, semi-sharp. The weight of one bulb reaches 170 grams under optimal growing conditions. It has a high yield and is very popular due to its taste characteristics and long shelf life.

Centaur

Mid-season onions, characterized by high yield and resistance to diseases and unfavorable climatic conditions. The variety is often used for winter storage, as the onion retains its juiciness for a long time. Due to its sweet, not very spicy and not bitter taste, it is widely used for salads.

Candy F1

The ultra early hybrid is great for salads due to its rich sweet taste. The bulbs are round in shape and reach a weight of 800 grams, which puts the variety in the rank of heavyweight.

The variety is resistant to diseases, but the highest yield is possible only in the temperate climate of the southern latitudes. The scales have a golden color, formed in one layer. This variety is often compared with Yalta, but Candy is preferred due to its even greater juiciness and softness of taste. Onions are often harvested for the winter, as they can be stored for up to six months.

F1 music

Onions are white varieties, ripen 3-4 months after germination, therefore they are considered medium late. Oval-shaped bulbs grow up to 130 grams, have a rich aroma and sweet taste with a slight bitterness. The variety is characterized by high yields and ease of maintenance, which is why it is often grown commercially in the fields. The bulb has up to three dry scales white... Suitable for a short storage period, it is not recommended to harvest it for the winter.

Sharp

Spicy onions are distinguished by early maturity and high yield. In addition, it is subject to long-term storage, which is why it is suitable for winter harvesting. Spicy varieties are distinguished by a high concentration of solids and essential oils. Often grown in the fields due to the presence of several dense balls of scales that protect the bulbs from mechanical damage from agricultural machinery.

Chalcedony

The variety is mid-season, the optimal cultivation width is the southern lands. The safety of onions during the winter period is up to 98%, which makes them more and more popular.

The high yields are accompanied by medium-sized bulbs, which weigh up to 140 grams. The bulbs are medium-sharp, juicy, their scales are golden brownish.

Aleko

A mid-season onion, a notable feature of which is that it does not cause tears when sliced. It tastes sweet with bitterness, quite spicy, but goes well with vegetables in a salad. Reaches a weight of 120 grams under favorable conditions.

The bulbs are oblong, dense in structure, saturated with vitamins and other useful substances due to their high dry matter content.

Arzamas local

Domestic variety bred for the Nizhny Novgorod area. Mid-season onions, small turnips, weighing about 40-80 grams. The variety has a long shelf life in winter. The bulbs are round to oblong in shape. The outer scales are dark, with a bronze sheen, the inner ones are white, juicy.

Bessonovsky local

Onions bred in the Penza region are early ripe. The turnip is round-flat in shape, dense in structure. The outer scales are dry, yellow, the inner ones are juicy and white. The bulbs are small in size, weigh up to 45 grams, and taste quite spicy and bitter. Their advantage is good keeping quality in winter. It is used for both salads and preserves.

Strigunovsky local

Early ripening onions, characterized by their ability to preserve well during storage, have a pleasant pungent taste, rich onion aroma and a large amount of phytoncides. Dry scales are yellow, juicy - white. It is customary to harvest this variety for the winter, use it in various culinary dishes, fresh and dried.

Timiryazevsky

This early ripe onion variety has small turnips weighing 50-70 grams. The shape of the bulbs is flat-rounded, the color of the upper scales is brownish-yellow, sometimes lighter. They taste sharp, bitter. Possesses a high level of keeping quality. It tolerates adverse conditions well, due to which it is grown in the Urals and Siberia.

Stuttgartenriesen

Large bulbs of this variety have a rich, not too pungent taste. The weight of turnips, flat-rounded in shape, reaches 250 grams. This is a variety of German selection, which has a high yield. It is very popular among mid-season varieties due to its versatility due to its mild flavor.

Ufa local

The homeland of this old variety is Ufa. It is characterized by cold resistance, average keeping quality. The bulbs are also medium in size, round or slightly elongated in shape. The simplicity of this onion makes it popular in almost all climatic zones.

Siberia F1

An early ripe onion variety is suitable for winter storage. Like all Siberian varieties, it is unpretentious in care and weather conditions... A medium-sized bulb weighing 100 grams has a wide elliptical shape. There are 3-4 external scales, they are yellow with a brown tint. Juicy white scales.

Semi-sharp

Semi-sharp varieties are distinguished by a small amount of external dry scales. The bulbs are not very dense, which adversely affects the harvesting of agricultural machinery. Basically, storage of such varieties has an average duration. They are more productive than others, but ripen for a long time.

Danilovsky 301

The mid-season variety produces bulbs weighing between 80 and 160 grams. It is a red onion variety, the outer scales of which are purple or red with a purple tint. The bulb is flat or more rounded in shape. The juicy part of the bulb is also light purple in color. The taste of this onion is semi-sharp, soft, due to which it is actively used in salads. The yield is high.

Spool

The variety is medium early, with rounded light yellow bulbs with a golden sheen. The taste is semi-sharp, medium-sized, weighing up to 100 grams. The variety keeps well in winter. The semi-sharp taste allows this onion to be used for a wide variety of purposes.

Carmen

The red onion variety has a high yield and long-term storage. This is a Dutch variety that ripens in less than three months after germination. The bulbs are small, weighing 60-80 grams. Their shape is round, flattened, the structure is not very dense. The taste of this onion is sweet despite the pungency. Possesses high bactericidal properties due to the concentration of dry matter in the bulb.

Albion F1

The variety is mid-season, hybrid, with medium-sized bulbs of a rounded shape, resembling a droplet. The color of the bulb is white, the structure is dense, the surface is smooth. The shelf life after harvest is until the end of December. Suitable for canning and drying due to their high dry matter content.

Spirit F1

The first generation hybrid is characterized by early fruiting. The bulb is yellow with a brown tint. The variety has a high level of keeping quality in winter. Due to the harmonious combination of pungency and sweet taste, it is used for various purposes in cooking. The turnips are beautiful in appearance, making them popular in commercial cultivation.

Shallot

A feature of shallots is a mild taste, close to sweet onions, and a nesting type of bulb formation.

Kuban yellow

A mid-season, semi-sharp variety has small, rounded bulbs weighing 30 grams. In one nest, there are 3-4 turnips. The color of the outer dry scales is yellow with a brown tint, the inner juicy ones are white, sometimes with a green tint. This variety tolerates dry weather well, does not need watering all season. Its homeland is the Lower Volga region of Russia, where it grows best.

Star

This variety is early ripening: suitable for digging up two months after germination. Pungent taste, high yielding with good care. The bulbs are small in size, oval in shape. White or with a yellow tint in color. It is popular both for fresh use and for conservation or drying.

Russian purple

An early ripe, high-yielding shallot with purple upper scales. In the nest, there are up to 20 small bulbs of a round, slightly flattened shape. Good keeping quality makes the variety popular among experienced gardeners.

Siberian yellow

The small bulbs of this mid-season variety have a high level of keeping quality in winter. The turnips are yellow, flat, very small: from 8 to 20 grams. The variety is resistant to diseases and bad weather conditions. It tolerates drought and cold summers well.

Bonilla

The variety is resistant to cold and even frost, due to which it is popular in the northern latitudes of Russia. It is distinguished by the ability to give birth equally well in one place for up to 5 years in a row, which is interesting for summer residents with small land plots.
The bulbs are small but juicy. In addition to turnips, the soft greens of this onion are actively used in cooking. Which can be cut up to three times per season.

Onions are a familiar vegetable on every table, it is difficult to do without it, especially in spring, when last year's already sprouting and spoiling, and the new harvest is still far away. In this case, you need to know which varieties of onions retain their qualities for a longer time, both taste and market, and grow them on your site.

Onion varieties for winter storage.

There are several varieties of onions that are suitable for storage:

Centurion
Sturon
Stuttgarter rizen
Orion

Centurion bred by Dutch breeders, has good germination rates. The shape of the bulb is slightly elongated, weight is from 90 to 100 g, dense structure, the color of the shell is orange. The ripening period from the moment of emergence to maturity is three months. To the taste of medium pungency, suitable for preservation, fresh consumption. It does not shoot in the beds, the variety is resistant to diseases, it is well stored in a bookmark for storage.

Sturon also belongs to the Dutch selection, is unpretentious in care, the weight of the bulb can reach 200 grams with proper agricultural technology. The shape of the onion head is like an oval, golden scales of a dense structure with longitudinal stripes, pulp with a slight greenish tinge. The taste is quite spicy with a well-pronounced onion aroma. Suitable for canning, fresh consumption, cooking. In terms of ripening, it belongs to medium early varieties, 100 - 115 days.

Centurion	Sturon

Stuttgarter rizen - an early variety of German selection, used in the culinary field, in the food industry, for consumption in unprocessed form. The ripening period from seedlings is from 95 to 100 days, it is distinguished by high productivity and resistance to powdery mildew disease. It does not shoot in the beds, tolerates low temperatures well. The bulbs are large, reaching a mass of 150 grams, the shape is flattened, the color of the cover is golden brown.

Orion - the result of the successful work of English breeders, an improved variety. A regular round onion weighing about 150 - 200 g, early term ripening, grows well in cold regions, well stored.

Stuttgarter rizen	Orion

Red onion varieties:

Brunswick
Bombay
Red Baron
Carmen

Brunswick refers to multi-nested early maturing varieties, the best way get good harvest - growing in seedlings, the size of the bulbs in this case reaches 6 cm in diameter. It has a flattened shape, with a bright purple color of scales, well preserved.

Bombay - mid-season variety, large onion has a flat shape, dark red scales, good keeping quality.

Brunswick	Bombay

Red Baron - early ripening period, from the emergence of seedlings from seedlings to harvest, 130 days pass. Small onion weighing up to 24 grams.

Carmen - average in terms of ripening, the period is 120 - 130 days, the bulb weighs from 50 to 71 grams.

Red Baron	Carmen

Large-fruited onion varieties:

Exibition
Texas yellow
Globo

Exibition - medium ripening times, the bulbs are very large, from 500 to 800 grams, the taste is pleasant, without bitterness. It is not stored for long, only a few months.

Globo - medium lettuce variety, very large, more than Exibishen, the weight of one onion reaches 1 kg, round. The taste is juicy and sweet. It is grown in seedlings.

Growing onion sets from seeds.

Onion seeds retain good germination only in the first year, later they may not germinate at all. You can check the seed for germination on ten to twenty seeds, and the percentage of suitability is determined. If the seeds are fresh, then before sowing they must be soaked in warm water with a temperature of +20 +25 0 С for 24 hours, then pickled in Supervin preparation to protect against root rot. After that, the seeds should be kept without liquid for two days in a room with a room temperature of +18 +19 0 С, wrapped in a damp cloth.

Before sowing the seeds into the soil, they need to be slightly dried; for this, they can be spread in a warm, ventilated room, in a thin layer on a dry cloth until they become loose and you can start working. Seeds are sown in early spring, as soon as the soil thaws by 5-6 cm.

Seed planting scheme.

Rows for planting seeds should be spaced 5 cm apart, no more than 2 cm deep. The intervals between seeds are 1-1.5 cm, this method allows you to get onion sets of the same size. Slightly compact and water the sprinkled crops. To retain moisture in the soil, you need to use a plastic shelter, shoots should appear in a week.

You need to water regularly, make sure that the weeds do not drown out the thin needles of the onion, and loosen the soil. Before the onset of hot weather, it will be enough to water once every seven days, in the summer - twice. In July, the bulb ripening phase begins, so it is necessary to reduce watering to once every seven days and only on hot days. Timely identify pests and destroy them. You can feed the plants in case of slow development, liquid fertilizing is used, 200 ml of fermented cow or chicken manure and one tablespoon of urea must be diluted in a bucket of water. Nutrient fluid consumption - from 3 to 4 liters per 1 m2.

Harvesting onions and storing them.

Harvesting of the onion can begin when the feather is yellow and almost completely dry, and lodging is observed. Usually, ripening occurs at the end of July - beginning of August, it depends on the ripening period of the variety. The bulbs are pulled out of the ground and laid to dry for two to three weeks. It is good to dry a vegetable in sunny weather, a feather is cut off from the onion and it is still dried for several days, preferably at a sufficiently high air temperature, up to +35 0 C. The dried onion will be stored longer and will not rot.

The next step is sorting by size, at this time you can select small bulbs for winter planting. Larger bulbs are stored in boxes or fabric bags. It is necessary to regularly inspect the seed in the storage and select the spoiled one so that the rot that occurs does not destroy all the stocks.

Growing onions in seedlings.

This method is good in that you can buy exactly the variety of onions that you need, and not buy on the "pig in a poke" market, especially since it is much cheaper than growing from sets. But this method is also more laborious, you can fill a cassette with small cells with peat and sow germinated seeds of "nigella" in each. When growing on a windowsill, it is necessary to provide additional lighting in the morning and evening. At night, you need to put the seedlings in a cool place, move them to a warm and bright place for the day. Sowing in mid-March simplifies the maintenance task, the daylight hours get longer, the weather improves.
The sown seeds are sprinkled with a layer of peat mixture of one cm, the soil is compacted, the cassette is covered with polyethylene and a heater is installed. Seedlings will appear in a few days, as soon as this happens, the seedlings need to be moved to a bright place.

Watering should be moderate, the peat soil contains enough nutrients for the plant, if necessary, you can add complex fertilizer.

Planting scheme for onion seedlings.

It is necessary to plant seedlings according to the scheme of 20x30 cm; it is not recommended to introduce fresh manure into the soil, only humus can be used.

Growing onions from sets.

Disembarkation begins during the warming period. Before planting in open ground, the onion sets must be warmed up at a temperature of +20 0 С for 15 to 20 days, after that the temperature must be raised to no more than +40 0 С, and kept for 9-10 hours. Warming up activates growth processes and will be a good prophylaxis against shooting. If long-term heating is not possible, you can use a simpler method, apply express heating, lower the planting material in water with a temperature of up to +50 0 С for 10 minutes and then cool it with cold water.

Planting scheme with sevkom.

The bulbs are planted at a distance of 10 cm, the row spacing should be 4-5 cm wide, deepened by 4 cm. Onion care consists in periodically loosening the row spacings, removing weeds, watering and fertilizing. With a slow growing season, it is necessary to fertilize with complex fertilizer. Ecoline Vegetable is applied for onion planting in the phase of bulb formation, can be combined with plant protection products.

Soil preparation.

The onion beds should be in an open, well-lit place. The best predecessors are tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, cucumber, and legumes. Onions love loamy soil with the introduction of ash, mineral and organic fertilizers. The soil is prepared in advance, in the fall it is dug up with humus and fertilizers per 1 m2:

Superphosphate - 30 gr
Ammonium nitrate - 12 g
Potassium salt - 15 gr

To disinfect the soil in the spring, the prepared bed can be spilled with a hot solution of 45 ° C of a copper-containing preparation, for 1 bucket of water - 1 tablespoon of copper oxychloride or copper sulfate... Then the soil needs to be covered plastic wrap and stand for several days.