Houses on a slope with a basement. Good house designs on a slope

Having your own home is always good, especially if it was built according to a personal project. This expands possibilities and allows you to create a real dream cottage. But what to do if a non-standard plot is proposed for development? The topography of our country is so diverse that people often have to build on the slopes. This is especially true in mountainous areas. This type of construction has its own characteristics. But taking into account all our recommendations and advice, you will be able to erect a magnificent building even on the most difficult terrain!

Types of relief

The type of structure depends on the main type of terrain on which the building will subsequently be located. In general, reliefs are divided into 4 types:

Smooth. As a rule, it has a slope, but its value is no more than 3%.
Low slope determined by the parameter up to 8%.
Average up to 20%.
Steep has a value of more than 20%.

Advice! To determine the slope indicator, you need to take two points on the slope. Draw a vertical line from the top, and a horizontal line from the bottom. Measure the distance from the points to their intersection. The ratio of these segments will indicate the magnitude of the slope in percentage terms.

Construction methods

To develop a slope, you can use one of two development options:

fit into ;
level the landscape.

In the first case, complex architectural calculations are required, but this will make such features an advantage of the structure.
The second option will take a little longer, but will allow you to erect any building according to any project.

Types of buildings

Most standard projects are designed for the construction of buildings on a flat surface. In this case, the presence and size of the foundation is determined based on the type of soil, as well as the size of the building. may have no foundation at all. For cottages it must be massive and reinforced.

If sloping terrain is chosen for construction, then imported bulk soil can be used for buildings on a small slope. With its help, the built-up area is leveled. In this case, a foundationless building is erected.
If the slope has average parameters, then it will be impossible to organize a cushion using bulk soil. In such cases, one of the sides of the house is raised to high plinth. Its size can reach such dimensions that it will allow you to equip an entire floor in which you can place a garage. . storage or even equip a unique place for relaxation.

If you have to build on a steep slope, in this case it is important to contact specialists. They will select or develop an individual project, taking into account all the features of the area. First of all, you should pay attention to the characteristics of the soil.

Advice! For building slopes of varying degrees of complexity, you can use multi-level houses. They will allow you to qualitatively beat the features of the relief. The created ones will become an additional place for relaxation.

Difficulties

Building a house on a slope is one of the most difficult architectural tasks. In the process of solving it, even the most experienced specialists encounter the following difficulties.

The need to develop an individual project. In this case, each house is unique, since it is necessary to take into account the level of slope, as well as the characteristics of the soil, the likelihood of it moving and the direction in which the slope falls, etc.
Long preparatory stage. Depending on the size of the slope, as already mentioned, additional measures must be taken to create a stable foundation, which may take a long time.
Increased costs, as additional expensive materials may be needed to create a stable base.
The complexity of the operation of special equipment.
- All these factors lead to one big drawback - they do not allow us to calculate the construction and delivery time of the project.
Foundation Features

In some cases, as already mentioned, it is possible to build residential buildings without a foundation. But if its presence is still necessary, it must be strong enough to withstand the changes to which the soil lends itself. For this, as a rule, a reinforcing mesh is used. It can be made from thick reinforcement rods.

Advice! For reinforcement, it is best to use industrial Euro-grid. It is made in such a way as to resist ground movement, which is often observed if the surface is uneven.

The difference between such a foundation is that it is much larger than that of other objects. It goes deeper along the side that is on the high side of the slope. It is also advisable to use a pile foundation. It does not require digging deep pits.

Since time immemorial, people have built cities and villages, where there was less and less space, and the desire to build their own housing under the protection of fortress walls led to the fact that a person had to acquire his hearth both on the water and in the mountains and build a house on a site with a slope .
As practice has shown, these unique architectural and construction masterpieces were not only visually beautiful, but in many ways practical. Today, a house on a sloping plot can be made unique and inimitable. It is important to know a few rules and listen to the advice of professional builders and designers.

House on a sloped plot: pros and cons

You have a plot of land for construction that is not level. What to do if the angle is rather large, but there is no idea how to deal with it. There is a simple recipe in such cases - use all the disadvantages as advantages. Reviewing the implemented solutions of designers and current designs of houses on a plot with a slope will help you change your attitude towards this issue.

Having analyzed all the negative and positive aspects of building such a house, we can name the following positive aspects:
- a slight slope will allow you to create a system of terraces, which in turn will organize a high-quality layout of the cottage’s courtyard and will allow you to apply the best practices landscape design ;
- a house on a plot with a slope can be located on several levels, without the cost of building a lower floor or with minimal costs;
- a slope of up to 8% will allow the lower floor to be allocated for household needs; this part of the house can be used for a garage. Thus, part of the territory is freed up, which would be used less rationally on flat terrain;
- The terrace layout and multi-storey building look very impressive and will add uniqueness to your home.
There is also an important economic component - the price of land on a slope is traditionally lower than the price of a flat site for construction.

There are also some negative aspects to this type of construction:
- due to the close proximity to large masses of earth and the possible flow of upper groundwater through the structure of the house, enhanced waterproofing of the foundation, and sometimes parts of the walls, is required, their strengthening;
- construction on several levels will require additional costs for materials for terraces, steps, fences, and other elements of the house;
- required development of an individual project, since a standard project is unlikely to be suitable in this case, since too many features may appear on such a site;
- laying communications will be more complex and may require the installation of additional equipment, including pumps and other devices.
Let's start construction

The first thing you need to do when you have made the right decision not to fight the natural landscape with expensive bulldozer attacks, but to use all the advantages of such a gift of nature is to properly plan your house on a sloped plot.

In this case, we still recommend consultation with specialists who could assess all the risks and all the positive aspects of such construction. The designers of the InnovaStroy company can help draw up a master plan for the site and carry out the necessary design work and offer a 3-D visualization of the new house from several angles, which will be presented as photos of houses on a plot with a slope. All you have to do is choose a specific project.

These same specialists will be able to give an estimate of how much such construction will cost and whether you can afford the maximum costs, and will also tell you how to adjust the estimate documentation. While you are thinking about what to do, we will tell you what you will have to deal with in any case the owner of such an unusual house will face, and what house designs on a plot with a slope might look like.

Let's look at the slopes up close

If your site has a slight slope - no more than 6-8%, then the designers will most likely suggest filling up the upper part of the land plot and carrying out construction on a leveled site. This will minimize costs and create conditions for rational drainage, reducing the risk of landslides and other unpleasant issues. In this case, the upper level of the site turns into a terrace with a steeper slope beyond the border of the foundation and walls of the house.

Other conditions arise when the slope is greater than 8%. Then, using these features of the relief, you can build a basement floor and use it to accommodate a car, other equipment, all kinds of boiler rooms, pumping rooms, and storage facilities. It should be remembered that in this case the walls will need to be pre-waterproofed to create additional protection from spring and autumn water flows.

If your land slope tends to be 15-25%, then this is a construction project that will be based on the creation of terraces and a multi-level building. Terraces can turn into relaxation areas with gazebos, armchairs, and awnings. The house can be built on several floors at different levels, with separate entrances. This will make the most useful use of the land area and create comfortable conditions for those living in the house. As you can see, even if you have a plot of land with a large slope, this will not prevent you from building a good house. It is necessary to use these terrain features logically and rationally.

Remember the pocket of cold and the southern sun

A house on a slope is no different from other houses in terms of the main parameters of placement of the central entrance and lighting. As in other cases, it is recommended to place the main entrance to the building on the south side. On the same side, it is best to provide for the construction of terraces and the placement of windows. This will add warmth to the house and sunlight through the windows, and will reduce the time for soil and snow to freeze near the entrance during the cold season. If it is not possible to place the entrance on the south side, then it can be done on the southeast or east side.

It is also important that it is best to build a house at the highest point, maybe not in the center of the site, but above other places. This will keep the foundation and walls from getting wet and leaking. There is one more point - water will flow from the roofs and the surrounding area away from the house, and not towards it. The advantage of building a house on a high point is the possibility of organizing the basement and plumbing without additional costs or with minimal costs.
- the distance from the perimeter of the house to the outbuildings (if you plan to run a town or keep animals, install an external toilet with a septic tank) must be at least 15 meters;
- When placing a house, you should remember the presence of the so-called cold pocket. This is a place where colder, heavier air currents flow at night. A house on a slope will be affected by such flows as they move downwards, flowing around the building. Therefore, it is best to place the house so that the entrance and most of the windows are on the leeward side. Then cold air masses will not be so noticeable in the evening and at night;
- the construction of such a house requires strengthening the slope with special engineering structures. It’s worth talking about this feature of a house on a slope in more detail.
Strengthening the slope

Strengthening the slope is important, first of all, because even the ideal choice of foundation and the presence of light walls of the building will provoke soil sliding due to pressure on the ground. These are the laws of physics.

This unpleasant and even dangerous process can be prevented by strengthening the slope using soil reinforcement. For such manipulations, new types of building materials are used - geogrids or geogrids together with geotextiles. The meaning of the action of these strengthening elements is that, thanks to their mesh cellular structure, they can be filled with harder bulk rocks. As a result, this structure receives stronger grip, strengthens the hardness of the slope, and stops erosion. Another traditional way to strengthen the slope is to divide it into terraces. Each of the terraces is a separate part of the slope, and if it is strengthened and built up with its own retaining walls and structures, then the issue of erosion and soil washout is eliminated.

Blind area of a house on a site with a slope

Blind area of a house on a site with a slope necessary, first of all, to build a reliable home with the features we mentioned above. What do you need to remember when setting it up? First of all, the fact that it should be done almost immediately, and not put off the construction of this element of protecting the house from soil washout.

To protect the house and give it additional waterproofing, the blind area should have a slight slope of 2-5 degrees. This will allow water to immediately drain from the surface. The width of the blind area should be at least 60 cm, and usually it is made within 1 meter in width and with a groove along the contour. This allows water to collect and be directed through gutters, ensuring minimal seepage into the soil under the house.

Before pouring the formwork for the blind area, which is usually mixed from durable grades of concrete, waterproofing should be done between the body of the blind area and the wall. Such waterproofing will allow the structure not to get wet even under the influence of a strong flow of water. Usually the blind area is made with an underlying layer, which is carefully compacted and pre-treated with herbicides. This will eliminate the growth of weeds that actively destroy the concrete screed of the blind area.

The foundation of everything is the head

The walls and roof of a house that is built on a slope are no different from those located on a flat area. But the foundation requires special attention. We have already said that to build a house on a slope, it is advisable to obtain data from designers who can conduct geological surveys. This is very important, because before starting construction, it is necessary to decide what the foundation of a house on a sloped plot

To do this, study:
- soil properties;
- availability of groundwater;
- the possibility of landslides due to the properties of neighboring plots of land;
- the presence of rocky deposits and much more.
Such research can significantly reduce construction costs because it can guide designers to the optimal home design.

The foundation in this case can be built using different technologies:
1. An even-level foundation with the excavation of all the soil to level the site. This foundation construction technology is, in principle, suitable for any slope, but is more rational for small angles, since in the case of a slope of more than 8%, it will require large-scale, expensive earthworks. From the name it is clear that we are talking about the construction of a foundation that will adhere to the ground at the same level over its entire area, that is, the angle of inclination is cut off using earthmoving equipment.
2. The foundation is stepped in shape with a cascade arrangement. In this case, the foundation is built in an unusual way - in steps, from level to level. Such a foundation is usually made of a strip type and the extended side is placed at a right angle to the slope. This increases resistance to water and earth, giving greater resistance to slipping.
3. Mixed-soil foundation on screw piles. If you choose this type of foundation, then we will be talking about screw-in piles that can be installed in soil of different densities. The foundation will not require major excavation work or the installation of large monolithic concrete blocks. But there is one drawback - it will not be possible to build a large basement, since piles will take its place. This foundation is no different in strength from other options, and is suitable for soil even with fairly strong water content and soft rocks
Uniqueness of the image

A house on a slope is a complex engineering and technical structure. In addition to design art, here you need to apply a lot of purely practical knowledge, the ability to skillfully use the properties of concrete and waterproofing materials.

Furnishing a house located on a plot of land located on a slope may cost more than a house located on a flat site. But at the same time, you will not incur additional costs for high-quality design of a personal plot or landscape design of a cottage. Exceeding the cost of building a house will increase its attractiveness and provide space for comfortable arrangement of terraces, construction of cascades of decorative pools, and interesting design solutions in landscape art. And do not forget - the uniqueness of the house lies, first of all, in the originality of its composition and the beautiful presentation of its appearance. Namely, the house on the slope is distinguished by its unique design and memorable image.

It is not difficult to build a foundation on a flat area with modern technology. However, sometimes sites for future construction are located on steep slopes. Houses located on sloping surfaces have their advantages: they are better protected from wind and flooding, and are more affordable. In addition, the mountain usually offers impressive views. But under the influence of heavy precipitation and soil water, the soil gradually softens.
In the future, this can lead to a shift in the upper layers of the soil. To protect yourself from unpleasant consequences, you should choose and build the foundation correctly. This article will tell you how to do this.

Peculiarities

Building a foundation for a house on a slope is a difficult process that requires a special approach and adherence to technology, because the foundation is the main component of every building. For a sloping surface, a strip, pile or stepped base is usually chosen.
First you need to calculate the angle of inclination, measured as a percentage. If the slope is around the 10 percent mark, this indicates a high slope. The steeper the slope, the more effort and materials may be required. If the angle of inclination does not exceed eight percent, then the foothill part can be covered with soil. If the angle is more than eight percent, then you will have to build a basement.

It is worth remembering that the foundation on a site with a slope cannot be higher than four times its width. Before construction, the site must be divided into squares and landslide measures must be taken on each of them.

Kinds

Strip foundation is one of the most popular designs today. However, experts advise building this type of foundation only on slopes with a minimum slope. It is also worth considering various contraindications for surveyors.
The strip foundation is a closed contour of reinforced concrete beams and is laid under both external and internal walls, if necessary. This type is ideal for structures with heavy floors, as well as if plans include creating a basement. There are two types of strip base: monolithic and prefabricated.
A pile foundation is a durable structure made of piles that are buried in the ground and connected at the top by supports. Many experts agree that pile foundations are the best for erecting load-bearing structures on slopes. This is an effective and practical option for arranging a foundation at any depth.
The installation process is simple, although it requires special equipment. In addition, this type is cost-effective compared to other options. Piles can be made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal. Heaving soils (clay, loam, sandy loam) have special requirements. Here a pile foundation is also appropriate.

Tape

Pile

The columnar type is also suitable for constructing a foundation on a slope. It involves the erection of pillars in all corners. However, you need to take into account some nuances when constructing it: each pillar must be supported by a supporting wall, which enhances the stability of the foundation. The columnar version is economical and reliable and does not require additional waterproofing. But it is applicable only for wooden or frame houses.
The stepped foundation has a cascade arrangement in the form of ledges. It is suitable for slopes with great steepness, if surface leveling cannot be done for some reason. The general slope of this option fully corresponds to the natural slope of the site. Laying a stepped foundation looks like a classic concrete strip, constructed from steps of different heights.
A slab foundation with a difference in height on a site with a slope is the optimal solution for the construction of houses and cottages made of brick, aerated concrete and other materials. This base option provides reliable support for low-rise buildings and is particularly durable.

Columnar

Stepped

Slab

When constructing a slab foundation, a continuous foundation of monolithic reinforced concrete is created at a small depth. The weight of the walls and roof is distributed evenly over the entire surface of the base. This design will be able to withstand any ground movement. The disadvantage of a slab foundation is the high costs of installation and materials.

How to choose a project?

When deciding which foundation is more suitable for a basement on an uneven area, it is necessary to determine the level of elevation difference, as well as conduct a study of the type of soil in the area. Poorly thought out construction on a slope can ultimately result in a ground collapse. It is better to invite specialists to calculate the necessary calculations.
If the angle of inclination:
- less than 3% is a flat surface;
- from 3% to 8% – low slope;
- up to 20% – average slope;
- more than 20% – steep slope.
In the first two options, it is possible to construct a strip foundation. If it is impossible to level the surface or the angle of inclination increases, a tape-step type is erected. For large slopes, only a columnar base is suitable. But a pile foundation is suitable for any slopes.
As for the type of soil, it is divided into:
- gristly - durable soil made of sand, clay and crushed stone;
- sandy – easily allows moisture to pass through;
- rocky - the most durable, but does not allow moisture to pass through;
- clayey – easily swells and freezes.
The more moisture in the soil, the more it swells when it freezes, pushing the foundation out of the soil. Therefore, in difficult soils, the base is placed below the freezing level.
When building a strip foundation, one part of the base is immersed deep into the slope. Setting up such a foundation is a costly undertaking, but if you are planning to build a brick or concrete house, then the strip option will be the best choice.
A pile foundation can be used for the construction of any type of building, be it a residential building, a garage or a bathhouse, as well as at any angle of inclination. With this option for constructing the foundation, it can be used for any purpose. The only drawback of the pile type is the impossibility of building a house with a basement.

Also, the choice of foundation type depends on whether you want to use the basement for a basement, wine cellar, living room or garage to save space. Don't forget about retaining structures. They help prevent landslide processes when it is impossible to change the surface topography. Such structures for different types of foundations on uneven surfaces can be presented in the form of support slabs and beams, pile structures and pillars, buttresses and fillings, rims and facing walls.

How to do it?

To properly install the foundation with your own hands, you must adhere to a certain technological sequence. If you want to build a house from concrete or brick, choosing a strip foundation would be an ideal option. A monolithic strip foundation does not require long construction times. In addition, the construction of a strip foundation on an uneven surface is not very different from the construction of similar buildings on flat ground.
The bottom of the pit must be strictly horizontal. Before pouring, a cushion of concrete or sand is placed on the bottom. It is necessary in order to reduce pressure on the ground. Before lining, formwork is installed, rising above the ground level to a height equal to the parameters of the basement floor. Moreover, on the sloping part of the site the formwork will be of greater height. Next, the reinforcement is laid inside the foundation. Then you need to pour the concrete.

It must be poured continuously in layers of 20 cm. In this case, it is important to correctly calculate in advance the volume of concrete that will be needed during installation.

A column foundation is suitable for light private houses. It can be made of monolithic reinforced concrete or factory-produced concrete blocks. It is recommended to follow certain step-by-step instructions.
- To begin with, a retaining wall is erected at the top of the site.
- Next, according to the same scheme, a retaining wall is erected in the lower part.
- Soil is poured between the support strips with layer-by-layer compaction. This will allow the upper platform to contain the collapse of the soil.
- Along the perimeter of the house, holes are made, the dimensions of which must correspond to the parameters of the pillars.
- The foundation is made in pits. In this case, the edges of individual pillars must be carefully aligned in height.
- The grillage is made along the edge of the house foundation.
Pile foundation, which is the most economical, is suitable for steep slopes and unstable soils. The piles are screwed into the ground in such a way that their heads are at the same level. The process also consists of several stages.
- At the top point, a pile is buried, the visible part of which is equal to the height of the base along the smaller dimension.
- Next, the next corner pile is installed, the length of the visible part of which is equal to the length of the base in the larger designation.
- Then all pile elements are installed so that the top point of each is horizontal.
- The pile foundation can be strengthened using reinforced concrete clips, which are installed along the entire length of the piles.
House on a slope: construction features

Undoubtedly, a favorable option for building a house is a plot with a flat surface. However, the terrain features of the existing site, which may be located on the slope of a mountain or on the edge of a descent to a reservoir, dictate its own conditions. Carrying out work in sloping terrain has its own specifics. After all, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of landslides. Do not be upset if you have to build a house on a slope. The complex terrain of the construction site can become the “highlight” of the project being implemented.

Building a house on a slope has its own characteristics. It is important to correctly assess the nature of the existing relief, develop a project for future construction, and analyze the estimate of upcoming costs. Let us consider in detail the advantages and disadvantages of erecting a building on a slope, and study the construction nuances.

Any relief, regardless of the structure of its surface (hills, lowlands, plateaus, mountains, valleys, depressions and bulges, ravines), is determined by slope

House on a slope - advantages

Building a house on a slope has a number of advantages:
- The slope of the site facilitates the organization of water supply and sewage system. To pump wastewater, a pumping unit is not required, and water can be supplied from the tank by gravity;
- the sloping terrain makes it possible to build a partially buried one on a slope at minimal cost and harmoniously fit the building into the exterior of the site;
- provides a chance to implement original design ideas. You can experiment with height differences and build a building with original architectural solutions;
- it is possible to organize separate entrances at different levels, which will facilitate access to the room from all sides of the inclined area;
- the absence of stagnation of naturally flowing meltwater and precipitation reduces the likelihood of flooding. This provides favorable conditions in the basement;
- it is possible to reduce the cost of heating a building partially buried in the soil, which accumulates heat under the condition of reliable thermal insulation;
- terraces on a slope provide favorable conditions for the development of plants, retaining water in the required volumes;
- a house with a basement on a slope is more reliably protected from cold wind and external noise, which creates a favorable indoor microclimate and comfortable conditions;
- thanks to the reduced external surface area, the volume of work associated with the repair of external walls and, accordingly, the level of costs are reduced;
- expanded opportunities for landscape design are provided. In conditions of a steep slope, you can easily create alpine slides, forming original landscape compositions.
The presence of some slopes is welcome, as they greatly facilitate sewerage drainage

Flaws

Building a house on a slope has its downsides. Main disadvantages:
- The need to reliably strengthen the slope, by building a retaining wall or dividing the site into a group of fortified terraces. This will prevent landslides and increase the service life of the structure.
- The problem of using standard building designs that are not adapted to the conditions of complex terrain. When deciding how to build a house on a hill, you should develop the project individually, turning to professional architects.
- Insufficient level of illumination in rooms located on the side of the slope. The rooms will be illuminated by direct sunlight for a limited time, and there will be a need to use electric lighting sources.
- Low temperature at night near a building, which is an obstacle to the movement of cold air masses. Problems do not arise when constructing a building at the top of a slope.
- Increased likelihood of dampness formation due to the negative influence of wastewater if the object is not sufficiently waterproofed. The use of waterproofing materials eliminates this negative point.
- Difficulty in delivering the materials necessary for building a house and accessing equipment. Convenient access roads must be provided.
Such a serious bias implies the creation of an individual project

House with a basement on a slope - preparation for construction
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The set of measures to prepare for the construction of a building on a slope includes the following work:
- individual development of a building project or adaptation of a standard version to specific conditions;
- choosing the type of foundation that determines the stability and durability of the building;
- selection of materials for thermal insulation of the building and protection from the negative effects of moisture;
- choosing the orientation of the house to ensure a comfortable level of lighting and reduce the negative influence of the wind rose;
- layout of the site in order to ensure convenience, organization of access roads and location of outbuildings;
- analysis of upcoming financial costs to determine the total estimated cost and the possibility of financing construction.
Also, such unevenness can be advantageously used for the construction of a basement floor that cuts into the slope

Building a house on a slope

The most critical part of the structure is the foundation of the building. Not all types of foundations are suitable for buildings located in difficult terrain.

The following types of foundations are used:
- Horizontal, made in the form of a concrete strip or pile structure. The construction of the foundation requires the planning of an inclined surface to form a level platform. Construction requires an increased level of costs associated with organizing the access of construction equipment or excavation work. The construction of buildings partially buried in the ground allows only this type of foundation.
- Stepped, which is a type of tape. It is a multi-level reinforced concrete structure that compensates for soil pressure and provides an increased level of stability of the building. The construction of a stepped base for a building allows you to reduce the volume of soil removed and reduce the cost of building a house on a slope.
- Screw, the basis of which is piles of a special design with a screw tape. They are screwed into the soil, compacting it. As a result, the foundation for the construction of the building is formed. A screw foundation is an ideal foundation for a light frame building or a one-story structure. The design of the foundation does not allow for the construction of a basement floor.
Doesn't occur. But if construction takes place on a slope, then the task becomes much more complicated. Today, houses on a slope are popular. They are aesthetically more attractive and unusual in themselves. When deciding to build such a house, it is important to take into account many nuances. And first of all, remember that the layout of the room will depend on the site.
Projects of houses on a slope
Before you build a house on a slope, you need to create a project correctly. All further construction will depend on this. Even if the terrain has obvious flaws, they can be cleverly played out and made into a landmark of the structure. When creating a house project, you need to know what the terrain slopes are:
- A flat area of terrain that has a slope of no more than 3%.
- Terrain with a slight slope of 3 to 8%.
- Terrain with an average slope of up to 20%.
- Steep terrain from 20%.
The optimal areas for construction work are options with a slope of 3 to 8%. But if the area has a slope of more than 8%, then it is recommended to know the principles of construction on such terrain. So, designs for houses on a slope can be varied, it all depends on the area and the literacy of the architect.
Construction on a slight slope
Building a house on a site with a slope of 8 to 20% has its own characteristics. At first glance, the angle is small, but it requires a special approach. When designing such houses, it is imperative to include a floor of the premises buried below ground level. It does not require a flat site for construction. In order to build the basement, part of the earth is cut out. It can be built together with the foundation. For houses on small slopes, the basement floor is simply irreplaceable. The material used for its construction is the same as for the foundation. They mainly use concrete blocks, monoliths, and bricks.
Significantly expands the territory of the building and can be used as a garage, utility room or sauna. It all depends on the wishes of the customer. If the slope allows vehicle access to the basement floor, then this is an excellent solution for a garage. It is best to choose an uneven building site on dry and elevated terrain. This will help solve a number of drainage problems. It is advisable to equip the walls of the house with waterproofing material, especially where there is contact with the ground. It is also recommended to install waterproofing under the foundation.
Building a house on a steep slope
Houses on steep slopes with a slope of more than 20% require a special approach. For this type of development, a special project is created, which will take into account all the features of the area. Most of these houses have many tiers and terraces.
The design of such a building is attractive because many rooms will have individual exits. And utility and non-residential premises will be located at different levels.
A house on a mountain with terraces gives architects the opportunity to show all their imagination. The main task of such development is to transform the slope into several working surfaces. The buildings are located on horizontal platforms, and they are connected by various steps. Terraces must be equipped with special supports; they take on the entire load. Also, a house on terraces has many possibilities. These rooms can be used as recreation areas, balconies and verandas.
Features of the foundation of houses on a slope
Modern construction allows you to build a foundation on any terrain with different slopes. Of course, the best site for development is a slope of no more than 3%. But if the house is on a mountain, then the foundation will be different:
1. A slope greater than 8% requires the construction of a basement floor. The foundation will be of a strip type with waterproofing.
2. Houses on slopes with a slope of more than 20% need a support base. The foundation will consist of stepped or screw type piles.
Some nuances should be taken into account:
- It is recommended to waterproof the basement floor, as it may flood. And if this happens, the consequences will be serious.
- Thermal insulation must be present.
- Drainage protection is necessary to prevent the foundation from collapsing.
A foundation on a slope has both a load-bearing and an aesthetic function. It can be used as an additional room or, with the help of its unusual external design, give the building an original appearance.
Features of designing houses on a slope
Projects for houses on a slope are created so that the building is built from top to bottom. First of all, you need to start from the living space and attach various terraces with basement floors to it. It is important that the plan of the ground floor completely coincides with the layout of the walls of the first. This structure is load-bearing and will be subject to a large load. When planning the basement floor, it is recommended to follow safety rules. You should not set up a boiler room in it and store items that can easily ignite. This could cause the entire house to catch fire.
A residential building on a slope is a very attractive prospect, especially if it offers beautiful views.
But do not forget that when creating a project, you may encounter some difficulties:
- Depending on the area, the finished project will need to be modified.
- Due to the characteristics of the soil, problems may arise in the operation of special equipment.
- It is recommended to make accurate calculations and take into account all environmental factors.
- Moisture that flows down the slopes can destroy the foundation, so it should be well waterproofed.
Advantages of houses on a slope
Projects of houses on a slope are complex, but at the same time they feature interesting design solutions. Such buildings have many positive aspects:
- Design solutions and experiments with height differences.
- Possibility of laying water supply at different levels. The lower tier has a sewer system, and the upper floors have a water supply.
- Saving money by building on uneven terrain.
- Several exits and a terrace for relaxation, as well as dividing the house into zones.
Disadvantages of building houses on a slope
When faced with the construction of houses on slopes with a variety of slopes, you need to be aware of its disadvantages. And also prepare for all possible difficulties that may arise during the operation of the building.
So, the negative aspects of houses on slopes include:
- Ground movements and landslides, which can disrupt the integrity of the foundation.
- Difficulties in construction according to standard projects.
- There is no uniform lighting in all rooms.
- It is difficult for elderly people to get home.
For those who love nature and comfort, as well as interesting design solutions, a house on a slope is the best choice.